ADHD
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting the executive functioning and reward systems of the brain, through dysregulation in the neurotransmitters (chemical messengers) noradrenaline and dopamine. There is a strong genetic component of ADHD as well as environmental factors. Symptoms can present anytime from childhood and adolescence, but can be diagnosed later in life.
Executive functioning problems include difficulties with organisation, time management, prioritisation, shifting and maintaining focus/attention, working memory, information processing, energy regulation, impulse control and emotional regulation.
Reward system problems include avoidance of cognitively challenging or uninteresting but important tasks, or taking much longer to complete these tasks.
ADHD is very often accompanied by other mental health conditions (eg mood disorders or anxiety). or unhealthy coping strategies (eg substance use). It is important to have expert assessment to identify these other conditions as they can affect your response to ADHD treatment or exacerbated by that treatment.
Autism
Autism (autism spectrum disorder, ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that is characterized by difficulties in various areas of social functioning, perception of the world including sensitivity to certain sensory stimulus, executive functioning difficulties, a tendency to be very engaged with a few interests, rigidity in thinking and difficulties managing routines and plans.
ASD presents on a spectrum of severity, and can be associated with other disabilities such as intellectual, learning, communication and ADHD. However, people on the spectrum can also have many strengths talents. Supporting people on the autism spectrum involves not only helping their disabilities but identifying and supporting their strengths and talents.